GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS OF BASIN GEOSYSTEMS OF LARGE RIVERS

The monograph

978-601-81113-0-3

Global changes in the natural environment and the increasing load on the territory determine a large-scale anthropogenic transformation of the conditions for the formation of sediment runoff and substances. Changes in individual components of sediment runoff are carried out both by processes in the catchment area associated with the flow of pollutants from industrial and mining facilities, agricultural systems, and point discharge of wastewater and pollution from facilities located within river valleys. The discreteness of a single erosion-accumulative process shows the exceptional complexity of approaches to numerical modeling of the processes of formation and movement of sediment runoff, associated with the large spatial variability of their factors, which require significant information spatially distributed resources. Work on the assessment of erosion on slopes using calculations of potential soil erosion within basins of various orders by means of GIS technologies is widespread both abroad and in Russia. The relevance of such calculations still exists, due not only to large regional differences in the characteristics of the parameters, but also to the chosen level of generalization and the calculated erosion model itself. A review of publications on basin erosion processes in the study area showed very little knowledge of this exogenous process. In the Asian part of Russia, studies have been conducted to calculate the long-term dynamics of the water balance, study soil erosion processes in individual basins of the Selenga, Tom, Ob, and Irkut rivers, and on arable lands in the north and central part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Calculations of soil flushing from the surface of a local basin using GIS technologies are considered in the works of R.V. Knaub (2006) and Yu.V. Ryzhov (2009). At the same time, there are no materials on the basins of small rivers and their geographical and geoecological analysis for the entire Lena River watershed.